Insulin Resistance and the High- Carb, Low- Fat Diet Connection. By Dr. Tim Noakes, a well- respected scientist, researcher, physician and professor at the Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, is one of the world's foremost experts on low- carb diets. In fact, he was instrumental in getting the low- carb diet revolution off the ground. He's also an accomplished athlete. As a long- distance endurance runner with 7. Eventually, he discovered this wasn't the best way to improve athletic endurance and health, and ended up writing a number of popular books on low- carb diets. From High to Low Carb. Noakes graduated from medical school in 1. At the time, he was also running, and this was when the high carbohydrate diet really started to become popularized. Following the advice of one of his professors at the cardiology unit where he worked, he changed to a high- carb diet and began promoting it in his writings, including the book, . I continued to do this for 3. The Ketogenic Kitchen: Low carb. Extraordinary health. Cancer survivors. He also admitted he was overweight, which didn't help. By chance, that same day he received an advertisement for Dr. Westman's book, . Despite that, he bought the book, and within two hours of reading, he realized he'd had it all wrong all this time. I started at lunchtime on that day. I've been on that diet now for the last six years. I've dropped 2. 0 kilograms (4. My running returned to what it had been 2. But I'm glad to say today all my blood tests are within the normal range. I am taking medication. Anyway, I decided that I'd start reading. I read all your work. ![]() I read all the books. I started doing research. That convinced me that this is a really important change that we need to promote throughout the world. Clearly, the diabetes and obesity epidemics started in 1. ![]() Discover How this Diet Food Store helped People Finally Achieve Diet Success. Keto Clarity: Your Definitive Guide to the Benefits of a Low-Carb, High-Fat Diet . ![]() ![]() ![]() It's caused by the dietary guidelines. I slowly began to understand . I only eat between lunchtime and . It's about a 1. 6- hour fast and an eight- hour period where I eat. The success of this book produced major changes in dietary understanding in Southern Africa. Alas, its success also led to legal action being taken against him by the Health Professions Council of South Africa, which is a professional medical licensing and regulatory board. The action came after he posted low- carb advice to a pregnant woman on Twitter. As a result, the president of the Association for Dietetics in South Africa wrote a long letter to the Health Professions Council, challenging his ability to practice medicine. You're not allowed to discuss the diet among the doctors. If you do practice it or if you were to prescribe it, something would happen to you. That's how strong the movement against it is. It's absolutely astonishing. ![]() The worst bit for me actually wasn't the trial and being accused of malpractice and so on. The worst bit was my university. The dean of medicine wrote to the local newspaper and said they dissociated themselves from my views and all those who support the low- carbohydrate diet. ![]() Of course, they had no evidence for it, but here I'd worked at this university for 3. That they could do that was absolutely astonishing. He was also cross- examined for three and a half days. Then for another three days, expert witnesses were heard, including Nina Teicholz, Zoe Harcombe and Caryn Zinn, all three of whom presented a remarkably sturdy case for its use. He just threw up his hands and quit. He didn't have anything to say. Zoe Harcombe was the same. She has just completed her Ph. D., showing there was never any proven evidence to change the dietary guidelines in 1. She presented her Ph. D. Again, the evidence is absolutely overwhelming. The end result is that we've had 2. We won everything. They have not been able to pin one thing on me. I think it's the first time in history that a diet has been put before a legal jury to decide whether or not it's true. It remains to be seen whether the health professional council, the statutory party that took action against Noakes, will have to change their nutritional guidelines and update all nutrition and dietetics teaching in South Africa. As noted by Noakes, . He went through all the transcripts of the trial, and then began digging into the backgrounds of all the expert witnesses testifying against Noakes. Most of them turned out to be linked to an organization called the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), which is a Coca- Cola funded organization. ILSI is basically a front- group for the beverage industry, and has links to Monsanto, Pfizer, Unilever and, in the past, the tobacco industry.
![]() ![]() ![]() Green wrote an expos. Tim Noakes: The Final Crusade. The reason was we were getting too close to questioning the role of sugar and carbohydrates in ill health. We haven't proved it, but there's enough evidence out there to suggest there were things behind the trial that one would not have thought about. In 2. 01. 0, he published . While rarely discussed, exercise- associated hyponatremia — drinking too much or overhydrating — actually contributes to many unnecessary deaths. Noakes explains. In fact, I ran a 5. I think I had four drinks. You'd have a drink every hour and you would literally swirl your mouth out with water and that would be about it. No one came to any harm. Then in about 1. 97. I began actively to promote drinking during marathon races. I became very active in South Africa saying there was not enough fluid available to marathon runners . They had 5. 6 drinking stations in a 5. At the end of that race, a lady was unconscious. She was hospitalized .. Her blood sodium concentration had fallen. She wanted to know what had happened. She said, 'Maybe I took too little sugar or salt during the race. What should I do about it?' I said, 'I have no idea.'I then decided to investigate. Over the next 1. 0 years, we were able to show that . She'd retained the fluids, . She'd remained unconscious for four days. We provided definitive evidence that it was overdrinking that caused the problem. Still, in 1. 99. 6, the American College of Sports Medicine, funded by Gatorade, produced new drinking guidelines stating that dehydration is the killer when you exercise, and you should drink . In 2. 00. 2, a young female runner died shortly after completing the Boston marathon. Cause of death: water intoxication. As recently as last year, two American football players died from overhydration. An estimated 3,0. Yet, there have been at least 1. How Industry Controls Information. Finally, in 2. 00. American College of Sports Medicine revised their guidelines to what Noakes had suggested, which is that you should drink to thirst. The only reason we could change was because two scientific journals in the entire world were independent of the sports drink industry. In addition to that they are the main reviewers of journal articles. Over a 1. 0- year period, we would submit papers and I knew they went to exactly the same reviewers every time. It didn't matter which journal we sent them to . They published our work. I always knew that if there were two journals open to our papers . In the end, we did win, because in the end all that matters is the truth. But if those two journals had also been controlled, if they'd had the same editorial boards, we wouldn't have ever done it. That was how I learned that is how industry controls information. They actively do it. They actively support people to make sure that only guidelines that benefit industry are ever published. This only exacerbates the problem. The key to treating and reversing type 2 diabetes is to cut down on net carbs, replacing them with high amounts of healthy fats and moderate amounts of protein. Noakes has researched reversal of type 2 diabetes in South Africans, coming to the same conclusion. It's just the most exciting work I can think of. That will reverse the insulin resistance, but equally important is having the ability to burn fat as your primary fuel. Paradoxically, driving your insulin level too low can result in a rise in blood sugar. The reason this can happen is because the primary function of insulin is not to drive sugar into the cell, but to suppress the production of glucose by the liver (hepatic gluconeogenesis). In situations like this, eating a piece of fruit, for example, will actually lower your blood sugar. This is what happened to me, as I went a bit too extreme in my ketogenic approach. That got me to explore this whole process, eventually concluding that continuous ketosis may not be a wise long- term approach. You actually need this cycling, where you go through a one- day- per- week fast and one or two days a week of feasting, where you eat maybe 1. Noakes is planning clinical trials with type 2 diabetics where they will be looking at these kinds of variations. Are Carbs Bad for All Athletes? It's worth noting that some athletes may not perform at their best on a ketogenic (high- fat, low- carb diet). I believe that if you're doing ultra- endurance events like marathons, the ketogenic diet is the way to go. But for high- performance spurt, interval types, it might not be your best bet. It'll help you from a health perspective, but it may not optimize your performance like it will for long- distance running. Noakes weighs in on the topic, saying. The question I want to know is, how can adding a little bit of carbohydrate make you run faster? For example, if you ingest carbohydrate during exercise, because you've got plenty of fat on board, why would you need a little bit of carbohydrate? To some extent, I think the carbohydrate effect is a drug effect, particularly during exercise. If you're taking carbohydrates, I think it's acting like a drug, because metabolically, I can't see how it would make any difference. It's really interesting. When we do these studies, we take people on high- carbohydrate diets and we put them on a high- fat diet. The performance does come down. But I wonder to what extent, as to the withdrawal of the drug effect as much as a metabolic effect . We need to remember that diabetes is one of the greatest growth industries in the world.
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